Climate Literacy

Gilgit-Baltistan’s Climate Literacy Frontier: Policy Integration for Glacial Hazard Resilience in Pakistan’s Northern Periphery

The Gilgit-Baltistan area in northern Pakistan is home to one of the world’s largest glacier inventories outside of polar regions. These glaciers are the main source of water for the Indus River system that provides water to millions of people downstream. The region contains over seven thousand glaciers, and with the rise in temperature and […]

Climate Policy Finance

Pakistan’s Climate Finance Paradox: Mobilizing Green Sukuks and Multilaterals Amid NDC 3.0’s Escalating Ambitions

The paradox of Pakistan’s climate finance architecture lies in its simultaneous integration of innovative instruments like Green Sukuks and multilateral pledges, compared against an ineffective implementation chasm that threatens the credibility of its newly submitted Nationally Determined Contribution 3.0. NDC 3.0 submitted to the UNFCCC in September 2025, pledges a 50% unconditional reduction of business-as-usual […]