Climate Policy

Vanishing Giants: The Cryosphere Crisis of Gilgit-Baltistan

Located in the mountainous region of Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the most significant cryosphere regions outside the Polar Regions, with a glacier area of 16,933 km² and supplying water to the Indus River system (Kalair et al., 2019). Beyond mountain livelihoods, glacier instability is also directly related to Pakistan’s food security, as more than […]

Climate Diplomacy

Green Energy Diplomacy in the Gulf: Can Oil States Buy Their Way into Climate Leadership? 

The Gulf countries are major producers and exporters of natural resources, particularly crude oil, LNG, and petrochemicals. With the growing climate concerns, these countries are aiming for a green transition by participating in global energy diplomacy and investing in renewable energy technologies. However, excessive reliance on fossil fuel dependence makes this ambition quite unclear. Green […]

Climate Diplomacy

South Africa’s Just Energy Transition Partnership: How to Communicate a “Just Transition” Without Losing Public Trust

Figure: Komati Power Station in Mpumalanga has become a key test case for South Africa’s just energy transition, showing both the promise and difficulty of moving from coal to clean energy. (Source: UN, 2022).  Climate policy sounds convincing in international delegations, where governments agree on targets such as reducing emissions by transitioning to renewables and […]