Climate Policy

Barriers to Sudan’s Renewable Energy Transition: Policy, Institutional, and Diplomatic Challenges During Ongoing Conflict

Despite having some of Africa’s highest solar irradiance, Sudan faces a severe energy crisis. Millions of citizens—especially in rural areas—lack reliable electricity and depend on traditional biomass or costly diesel generators (UNDP, 2020). Modern renewables, excluding large hydropower, account for only 0.78% of national electricity generation. Hydropower accounts for about 54.6%, with fossil fuels making […]

Climate Policy

The Plan That Moves Backwards: What RUPTL 2025-2034 is really saying about Indonesia’s climate commitment.

This is part 2 of a series of articles about the energy transition policy in Indonesia. The first article titled “The Energy Transition is being Obstructed by the Power Market Structure in Indonesia: Locked In, Powered Down” looked at how PLN’s power purchase agreement process is systematically preventing renewable energy from joining the grid in […]