Indonesia is currently having an extensive plan towards just energy transitions. The country pledged to support the green energy transitions in accordance to the Paris Agreements which is explained in their Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution or NDC, targeting a 31.89% reduction in emissions by 2030 on unconditional conditions which means the target will be achieved […]
Summary of the Entire Image: Every year, leaders across the globe gather at COP summits, sign agreements, and make lofty net-zero commitments, with emissions continuing to rise every year. Not that they do not care about climate change. The issue is that climate Policies are created from faulty data, slow analysis and weak feedback loops. […]
Over the last 30 years, climate policy has been based on some assumptions. Policymakers set targets using incomplete emissions data, limited projections and a healthy dose of diplomatic optimism. The rationale was that if they were not precise, they could become so through ambition. It rarely did. With the SDGs and the pledges under the […]
Imagine living in a country where government pays your 95% electricity bill because of oil abundance. Yet, behind this illusion lies a hidden crisis that forcing Kuwait to beg the desert sun before the global oil market leaves them behind. Gulf countries like Kuwait are likely to be the last to exit the fossil fuel […]
For decades, plastic was being used every day and celebrated as cheap. Besides, Indonesia has produced around 60 millions per year. This is the ultimate weapon of Indonesia against plastic pollution. One of the most notable and transformational changes in global climate policy in recent years is the implementation of plastic tax policies. At early […]
What if the “perfect” climate policies from wealthy nations are actually a trap-setting the Global South up for catastrophic failure? A new perspective that emerges is that idea that most of the cities in Global South (such as Jakarta) always face challenges in urban governance and climate action. It requires approach that goes beyond the […]
Climate-vulnerable Sierra Leone, with flooding in Freetown and disappearing coastlines in the Western Area, is now exposing the country’s governance failures. The causes of climate disasters in Sierra Leone are often clear: heavy rainfall, rising sea levels, deforestation, and coastal erosion. Still beneath these visible signs lies a deeper truth: climate change is not simply […]
Unsustainable sand extraction is undermining the natural defenses that rural coastal communities rely on for survival in Sierra Leone, one of the poorest and most affected places on earth, as rising seas and extreme weather threaten its capital. Every day, during the early morning hours on Freetown’s Western Area beaches, trucks form a queue to […]
ABSTRACT This study critically evaluates Sweden’s carbon pricing regime, one of the earliest and most successful implementations globally, initiated in 1991. Recognized for its high carbon tax level, Sweden provides an invaluable case study on the practical effectiveness and wider implications of carbon pricing as a central climate policy instrument. The research focuses on the […]
In many parts of Africa, climate change is now a daily reality that affects farms, harvests, food prices, and rural livelihoods. Longer droughts, unpredictable rainfall, higher temperatures, and poorer soil quality are putting great pressure on rain-fed farming systems, which many smallholder farmers depend on (AYANLADE & OLUWATIMILEHIN, 2021; Descheemaeker et al., 2025). As a […]
Reston Dennis Juah 
Noor Ul Ain 
Hassan Barrie 
Hoby Nasandratra Andriamiandrisoa 